auWiki - User contributions [en]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon

2026-05-01T01:19:38Z

Misterhaan: /* visual studio code */ update version

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 26.04 resolute raccoon on my laptop westinghouse.

choose language and keyboard, connect to wifi, then choose interactive installation. i start with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. as an upgrade i choose to erase my previous ubuntu and install over that, but there’s also an install alongside option for the initial setup keeping windows around. i don’t use file encryption because i keep my important files on a server instead.

name the computer and set up your username and password, then choose your time zone and you should be ready to install!

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i’m on my home network. i can’t just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn’t available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn’t work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn’t have to wait for that to fail when they’re not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you’re going to connect to your network with a cable it won’t see the ssid and you’ll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can’t change your user id while you’re logged in, so i’ll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process (which it’s been doing to me with this process for a few years now). run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user. again, restart seems to be necessary as logging out doesn’t end all processes for the user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn’t there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop — one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificate because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we’ll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don’t really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don’t remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn’t care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it’s compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect with its network manager integration and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. set user agent to "AnyConnect" so it won't give a 404 error trying to connect. i also needed to go to the ipv6 settings tab and disable it because otherwise my remote desktop connection fails. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. i have to click the login button in the window that pops up, then enter my work email, then my work password, then go to my phone and enter the number that shows on my laptop into the authenticator app, then verify my fingerprint. there was a time openconnect would save my username and password even while anyconnect didn’t, but unfortunately that time has passed. once it finishes connecting you should see the lock icon on your wifi. disconnect either by deselecting the vpn the same way you selected it to connect or by shutting down the laptop.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i set dark mode to prefer dark mode and turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
=== touch scroll zoom ===
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

=== switch away from snap ===
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but last i tried it failed to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.118.1-1777474985_amd64.deb
rm code_1.118.1-1777474985_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, set up a custom archive that will update itself with everything else. start with installing apt-utils which is required but not in the default install as of 25.10:

sudo apt install apt-utils

next copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon

2026-04-30T02:56:40Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 26.04 resolute raccoon on my laptop westinghouse.

choose language and keyboard, connect to wifi, then choose interactive installation. i start with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. as an upgrade i choose to erase my previous ubuntu and install over that, but there’s also an install alongside option for the initial setup keeping windows around. i don’t use file encryption because i keep my important files on a server instead.

name the computer and set up your username and password, then choose your time zone and you should be ready to install!

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i’m on my home network. i can’t just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn’t available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn’t work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn’t have to wait for that to fail when they’re not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you’re going to connect to your network with a cable it won’t see the ssid and you’ll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can’t change your user id while you’re logged in, so i’ll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process (which it’s been doing to me with this process for a few years now). run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user. again, restart seems to be necessary as logging out doesn’t end all processes for the user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn’t there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop — one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificate because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we’ll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don’t really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don’t remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn’t care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it’s compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect with its network manager integration and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. set user agent to "AnyConnect" so it won't give a 404 error trying to connect. i also needed to go to the ipv6 settings tab and disable it because otherwise my remote desktop connection fails. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. i have to click the login button in the window that pops up, then enter my work email, then my work password, then go to my phone and enter the number that shows on my laptop into the authenticator app, then verify my fingerprint. there was a time openconnect would save my username and password even while anyconnect didn’t, but unfortunately that time has passed. once it finishes connecting you should see the lock icon on your wifi. disconnect either by deselecting the vpn the same way you selected it to connect or by shutting down the laptop.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i set dark mode to prefer dark mode and turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
=== touch scroll zoom ===
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

=== switch away from snap ===
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but last i tried it failed to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb
rm code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, set up a custom archive that will update itself with everything else. start with installing apt-utils which is required but not in the default install as of 25.10:

sudo apt install apt-utils

next copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan

2026-04-29T05:03:23Z

Misterhaan: add 26.04

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon|Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup|Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup|Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup|Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon

2026-04-29T05:03:07Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 26.04 resolute raccoon on my laptop westinghouse. choose language and keyboard, connect to wifi, then choose interactive installation. i start with ubuntu cin..."

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup

2025-10-24T03:38:31Z

Misterhaan: /* work vpn */ useragent override

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.10 questing quokka on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. as an upgrade i choose to erase my previous ubuntu and install over that, but there’s also an install alongside option for the initial setup keeping windows around. i don’t use file encryption because i keep my important files on a server instead.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i’m on my home network. i can’t just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn’t available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn’t work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn’t have to wait for that to fail when they’re not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you’re going to connect to your network with a cable it won’t see the ssid and you’ll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can’t change your user id while you’re logged in, so i’ll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user. again, restart seems to be necessary as logging out doesn’t end all processes for the user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn’t there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we’ll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don’t really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don’t remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn’t care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it’s compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. set user agent to "AnyConnect" so it won't give a 404 error trying to connect. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i set dark mode to prefer dark mode and turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb
rm code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, set up a custom archive that will update itself with everything else. start with installing apt-utils which is required but not in the default install as of 25.10:

sudo apt install apt-utils

next copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup

2025-10-23T22:51:01Z

Misterhaan: add instructions for apt-utils

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.10 questing quokka on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. as an upgrade i choose to erase my previous ubuntu and install over that, but there’s also an install alongside option for the initial setup keeping windows around. i don’t use file encryption because i keep my important files on a server instead.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i’m on my home network. i can’t just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn’t available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn’t work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn’t have to wait for that to fail when they’re not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you’re going to connect to your network with a cable it won’t see the ssid and you’ll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can’t change your user id while you’re logged in, so i’ll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user. again, restart seems to be necessary as logging out doesn’t end all processes for the user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn’t there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we’ll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don’t really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don’t remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn’t care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it’s compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i set dark mode to prefer dark mode and turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb
rm code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, set up a custom archive that will update itself with everything else. start with installing apt-utils which is required but not in the default install as of 25.10:

sudo apt install apt-utils

next copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup

2025-10-22T03:16:56Z

Misterhaan: more setup progress

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer’s utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.10 questing quokka on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. as an upgrade i choose to erase my previous ubuntu and install over that, but there’s also an install alongside option for the initial setup keeping windows around. i don’t use file encryption because i keep my important files on a server instead.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i’m on my home network. i can’t just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn’t available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn’t work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn’t have to wait for that to fail when they’re not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you’re going to connect to your network with a cable it won’t see the ssid and you’ll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can’t change your user id while you’re logged in, so i’ll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user. again, restart seems to be necessary as logging out doesn’t end all processes for the user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn’t there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we’ll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don’t really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don’t remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn’t care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it’s compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i set dark mode to prefer dark mode and turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb
rm code_1.105.1-1760482543_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan

2025-10-21T12:21:21Z

Misterhaan: add 25.10 inscrutions

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup|Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup|Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup|Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup

2025-10-21T12:20:59Z

Misterhaan: fix version number

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.04 plucky puffin on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. glad to see this version the installer brought back the option to erase my old ubuntu and install over that.

= fix boot getting stuck =
for a few versions now, my laptop tends to get stuck booting linux if it’s showing the ubuntu splash screen, so i might need 3 or 4 attempts to actually get it to a usable desktop. to turn off the splash screen, edit <code>/etc/default/grub</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/default/grub</code> and change the <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</code> line (for me it was line 10) by removing <code>quiet</code> and <code>splash</code>. for me this left it as <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""</code>. save the file and then run <code>sudo update-grub</code> to apply the change.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it won't see the ssid and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as firefox and the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

i had firefox open when i entered this command and it immediately switched!

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb
rm code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

== minecraft ==
my son’s laptop isn’t powerful enough to run minecraft with mods, so he sometimes borrows my laptop. he gets my custom mod pack that i build through [curseforge](https://www.curseforge.com/download/app) but just built into the minecraft launcher so he doesn’t get distracted by the curseforge ads.

before you can do anything you need java, so grab openjdk which is the default:

sudo apt install default-jre

next get the minecraft launcher for debian from https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download, which will be easier from linux because windows will show you the windows download first and you'll have to look for linux options. this should get you a Minecraft.deb file which you can install using apt so it also installs any dependencies (use the correct path if you downloaded it somewhere else):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/Minecraft.deb

at this point i needed to reboot and log in to the account that’s going to play minecraft, because otherwise it was crashing back out to the login screen. run the minecraft launcher, which may ask you to set a keyring password. this is optional, so you can leave it blank if you don’t want a password for your passwords stored on your keyring. sign in with the microsoft account that’s going to play minecraft. if you’re going to continue through installing forge and some mods, you should now close the minecraft launcher.

now find the exact minecraft+forge version at https://files.minecraftforge.net/net/minecraftforge/forge/ (you’ll need to click show all versions to get the correct forge version after selecting the page for your minecraft version). find the direct download link by pointing at the information icon next to the installer for your version and download. start the installer with:

java -jar forge-*-installer.jar

(use tab to autocomplete the filename.) if it warns that it can’t find a directory, make sure you’ve gone far enough with the minecraft launcher so it gets created first. it should have install client selected already, so click ok to install it.

this should have created a mods directory under ~/.minecraft where you can put your mods. similarly, config and defaultconfigs are next to that. copy those in and run the minecraft launcher again. the forge installation should be chosen by default, and playing that should include the mods.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.10 Questing Quokka Setup

2025-10-21T12:20:17Z

Misterhaan: start 25.10 instructions

MediaWiki:Vector-2022.css

2025-10-09T20:38:01Z

Misterhaan: Created page with ".mw-logo .mw-logo-icon { width: auto; }"

.mw-logo .mw-logo-icon { width: auto; }

MediaWiki:Vector.css

2025-10-09T20:32:10Z

Misterhaan:

/* All CSS here will be loaded for users of the Vector skin */

MediaWiki:Vector.css

2025-10-09T20:18:15Z

Misterhaan: support non-square logo "icon"

/* All CSS here will be loaded for users of the Vector skin */
.mw-logo .mw-logo-icon { width: auto; }

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup

2025-10-09T18:55:52Z

Misterhaan: /* remote control */ note that use client keyboard mapping doesn't work

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.05 plucky puffin on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. glad to see this version the installer brought back the option to erase my old ubuntu and install over that.

= fix boot getting stuck =
for a few versions now, my laptop tends to get stuck booting linux if it’s showing the ubuntu splash screen, so i might need 3 or 4 attempts to actually get it to a usable desktop. to turn off the splash screen, edit <code>/etc/default/grub</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/default/grub</code> and change the <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</code> line (for me it was line 10) by removing <code>quiet</code> and <code>splash</code>. for me this left it as <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""</code>. save the file and then run <code>sudo update-grub</code> to apply the change.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it won't see the ssid and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings even when i check the box to use client keyboard mapping).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as firefox and the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

i had firefox open when i entered this command and it immediately switched!

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb
rm code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

== minecraft ==
my son’s laptop isn’t powerful enough to run minecraft with mods, so he sometimes borrows my laptop. he gets my custom mod pack that i build through [curseforge](https://www.curseforge.com/download/app) but just built into the minecraft launcher so he doesn’t get distracted by the curseforge ads.

before you can do anything you need java, so grab openjdk which is the default:

sudo apt install default-jre

next get the minecraft launcher for debian from https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download, which will be easier from linux because windows will show you the windows download first and you'll have to look for linux options. this should get you a Minecraft.deb file which you can install using apt so it also installs any dependencies (use the correct path if you downloaded it somewhere else):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/Minecraft.deb

at this point i needed to reboot and log in to the account that’s going to play minecraft, because otherwise it was crashing back out to the login screen. run the minecraft launcher, which may ask you to set a keyring password. this is optional, so you can leave it blank if you don’t want a password for your passwords stored on your keyring. sign in with the microsoft account that’s going to play minecraft. if you’re going to continue through installing forge and some mods, you should now close the minecraft launcher.

now find the exact minecraft+forge version at https://files.minecraftforge.net/net/minecraftforge/forge/ (you’ll need to click show all versions to get the correct forge version after selecting the page for your minecraft version). find the direct download link by pointing at the information icon next to the installer for your version and download. start the installer with:

java -jar forge-*-installer.jar

(use tab to autocomplete the filename.) if it warns that it can’t find a directory, make sure you’ve gone far enough with the minecraft launcher so it gets created first. it should have install client selected already, so click ok to install it.

this should have created a mods directory under ~/.minecraft where you can put your mods. similarly, config and defaultconfigs are next to that. copy those in and run the minecraft launcher again. the forge installation should be chosen by default, and playing that should include the mods.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup

2025-10-09T18:53:23Z

Misterhaan: /* configuration */ add gtk dark mode

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.05 plucky puffin on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. glad to see this version the installer brought back the option to erase my old ubuntu and install over that.

= fix boot getting stuck =
for a few versions now, my laptop tends to get stuck booting linux if it’s showing the ubuntu splash screen, so i might need 3 or 4 attempts to actually get it to a usable desktop. to turn off the splash screen, edit <code>/etc/default/grub</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/default/grub</code> and change the <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</code> line (for me it was line 10) by removing <code>quiet</code> and <code>splash</code>. for me this left it as <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""</code>. save the file and then run <code>sudo update-grub</code> to apply the change.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it won't see the ssid and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as firefox and the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

i had firefox open when i entered this command and it immediately switched!

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb
rm code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

== minecraft ==
my son’s laptop isn’t powerful enough to run minecraft with mods, so he sometimes borrows my laptop. he gets my custom mod pack that i build through [curseforge](https://www.curseforge.com/download/app) but just built into the minecraft launcher so he doesn’t get distracted by the curseforge ads.

before you can do anything you need java, so grab openjdk which is the default:

sudo apt install default-jre

next get the minecraft launcher for debian from https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download, which will be easier from linux because windows will show you the windows download first and you'll have to look for linux options. this should get you a Minecraft.deb file which you can install using apt so it also installs any dependencies (use the correct path if you downloaded it somewhere else):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/Minecraft.deb

at this point i needed to reboot and log in to the account that’s going to play minecraft, because otherwise it was crashing back out to the login screen. run the minecraft launcher, which may ask you to set a keyring password. this is optional, so you can leave it blank if you don’t want a password for your passwords stored on your keyring. sign in with the microsoft account that’s going to play minecraft. if you’re going to continue through installing forge and some mods, you should now close the minecraft launcher.

now find the exact minecraft+forge version at https://files.minecraftforge.net/net/minecraftforge/forge/ (you’ll need to click show all versions to get the correct forge version after selecting the page for your minecraft version). find the direct download link by pointing at the information icon next to the installer for your version and download. start the installer with:

java -jar forge-*-installer.jar

(use tab to autocomplete the filename.) if it warns that it can’t find a directory, make sure you’ve gone far enough with the minecraft launcher so it gets created first. it should have install client selected already, so click ok to install it.

this should have created a mods directory under ~/.minecraft where you can put your mods. similarly, config and defaultconfigs are next to that. copy those in and run the minecraft launcher again. the forge installation should be chosen by default, and playing that should include the mods.

User:Misterhaan

2025-04-25T18:30:05Z

Misterhaan: add ubuntu 25.04

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup|Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup|Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 25.04 Plucky Puffin Setup

2025-04-25T18:28:49Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.05 plucky puffin on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graph..."

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 25.05 plucky puffin on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. glad to see this version the installer brought back the option to erase my old ubuntu and install over that.

= fix boot getting stuck =
for a few versions now, my laptop tends to get stuck booting linux if it’s showing the ubuntu splash screen, so i might need 3 or 4 attempts to actually get it to a usable desktop. to turn off the splash screen, edit <code>/etc/default/grub</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/default/grub</code> and change the <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</code> line (for me it was line 10) by removing <code>quiet</code> and <code>splash</code>. for me this left it as <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""</code>. save the file and then run <code>sudo update-grub</code> to apply the change.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this step.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your ssid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it won't see the ssid and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. toward the bottom, you might need to check the box to ignore certificates because when i installed this version it still wouldn’t trust my work computer’s certificate after it asked me about it and i said to trust it. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login (if it’s not already checked). under keyboard i remove the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone — my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they’re grouped into sections so i’m using those same groupings here. if i don’t list a settings option it’s because i don’t actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that’s where i put my own backgrounds. this isn’t enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven’t been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn on overamplification at the bottom of the output tab, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==
there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb
rm code_1.99.3-1744761595_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

== minecraft ==
my son’s laptop isn’t powerful enough to run minecraft with mods, so he sometimes borrows my laptop. he gets my custom mod pack that i build through [curseforge](https://www.curseforge.com/download/app) but just built into the minecraft launcher so he doesn’t get distracted by the curseforge ads.

before you can do anything you need java, so grab openjdk which is the default:

sudo apt install default-jre

next get the minecraft launcher for debian from https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download, which will be easier from linux because windows will show you the windows download first and you'll have to look for linux options. this should get you a Minecraft.deb file which you can install using apt so it also installs any dependencies (use the correct path if you downloaded it somewhere else):

sudo apt install ~/Downloads/Minecraft.deb

at this point i needed to reboot and log in to the account that’s going to play minecraft, because otherwise it was crashing back out to the login screen. run the minecraft launcher, which may ask you to set a keyring password. this is optional, so you can leave it blank if you don’t want a password for your passwords stored on your keyring. sign in with the microsoft account that’s going to play minecraft. if you’re going to continue through installing forge and some mods, you should now close the minecraft launcher.

now find the exact minecraft+forge version at https://files.minecraftforge.net/net/minecraftforge/forge/ (you’ll need to click show all versions to get the correct forge version after selecting the page for your minecraft version). find the direct download link by pointing at the information icon next to the installer for your version and download. start the installer with:

java -jar forge-*-installer.jar

(use tab to autocomplete the filename.) if it warns that it can’t find a directory, make sure you’ve gone far enough with the minecraft launcher so it gets created first. it should have install client selected already, so click ok to install it.

this should have created a mods directory under ~/.minecraft where you can put your mods. similarly, config and defaultconfigs are next to that. copy those in and run the minecraft launcher again. the forge installation should be chosen by default, and playing that should include the mods.

User:Misterhaan

2024-10-16T01:16:57Z

Misterhaan:

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup|Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole Setup

2024-10-16T01:15:41Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 24.10 oracular oriole on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party gra..."

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 24.10 oracular oriole on my laptop westinghouse. i started with ubuntu cinnamon desktop (minimized) so there’s less to uninstall. i do install third-party graphics and wifi as well as additional media formats. unfortunately the installer no longer has the option to erase my old ubuntu and install over that while leaving windows alone, so i have to choose manual installation and select the previous ubuntu partition to set as root.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`nmcli -t -f active,ssid dev wifi | egrep '^yes' | cut -d: -f2`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag xsane

== firefox ==
ubuntu comes with firefox (and thunderbird) installed through snap, but i’ve had problems with it telling me firefox needs to update but can’t because it's running. found these instructions on [omgubuntu.co.uk](https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/how-to-install-firefox-deb-apt-ubuntu-22-04) — start by running these commands to remove the snap firefox and the apt redirect to snap firefox, trust mozilla’s signing, and add a mozilla source.

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo apt remove firefox
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null

then set priority to the mozilla source and suppress ubuntu’s redirect to snap:

echo '
Package: *
Pin: origin packages.mozilla.org
Pin-Priority: 1000

Package: firefox*
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: -1' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozilla

lastly, update to include the mozilla source and install that (now prioritized) firefox package:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install firefox

== steam ==

there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb
rm code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

== minecraft ==
my son’s laptop isn’t powerful enough to run minecraft with mods, so he sometimes borrows my laptop. he gets my custom mod pack that i build through [curseforge](https://www.curseforge.com/download/app) but just built into the minecraft launcher so he doesn’t get distracted by the curseforge ads.

before you can do anything you need java, so grab openjdk which is the default:

sudo apt install default-jre

next get the minecraft launcher for debian from https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/download, which will be easier from linux because windows will show you the windows download first and you'll have to look for linux options. this should get you a Minecraft.deb file which you can install using dpkg (use the correct path if you downloaded it somewhere else or aren’t in your home directory):

dpkg -i Downloads/Minecraft.deb

at this point i needed to reboot and log in to the account that’s going to play minecraft, because otherwise it was crashing back out to the login screen. run the minecraft launcher, which may ask you to set a keyring password. this is optional, so you can leave it blank if you don’t want a password for your passwords stored on your keyring. sign in with the microsoft account that’s going to play minecraft. if you’re going to continue through installing forge and some mods, you should now close the minecraft launcher.

no find the exact minecraft+forge version at https://files.minecraftforge.net/net/minecraftforge/forge/ (you’ll need to click show all versions to get the correct forge version after selecting the page for your minecraft version). find the direct download link by pointing at the information icon next to the installer for your version and download. start the installer with:

java -jar forge-*-installer.jar

(use tab to autocomplete the filename.) if it warns that it can’t find a directory, make sure you’ve gone far enough with the minecraft launcher so it gets created first. it should have install client selected already, so click ok to install it.

this should have created a mods directory under ~/.minecraft where you can put your mods. similarly, config and defaultconfigs are next to that. copy those in and run the minecraft launcher again. the forge installation should be chosen by default, and playing that should include the mods.

User:Misterhaan

2024-05-15T02:28:29Z

Misterhaan:

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Setup

2024-05-15T02:26:53Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 24.04 noble numbat on my laptop westinghouse. = connections to other systems = most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home..."

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 24.04 noble numbat on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.

== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

i had firefox open when i entered this command and it immediately switched!

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like to use my own background for the login screen. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install puddletag xsane

== steam ==

there’s a steam-installer in the repository but it fails to install. looking for a solution i found someone claiming the apt package is a redirect to snap, and snap just doesn’t work well (maybe it’s not mature enough). so instead, go to the steam website and download the installer from there. it gave me a file named steam_latest.deb. install it and dependencies with `sudo apt install ~/Downloads/steam_latest.deb` and then run steam to complete the installation and sign in to steam.

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb
rm code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup

2023-10-21T04:16:15Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.10 mantic minotaur on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which usually doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set, though it may be necessary to restart if it tells you your original user is in use by a process. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is back in the default install as of 23.10 and works great to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though if it wasn't there for you:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for my home desktop -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

i had firefox open when i entered this command and it immediately switched!

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the application and icon themes to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. similarly set date format for tooltip to <code>%A, %B %e, %l:%M %p</code> to use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like the mantic minotaur background for the login screen, but sometimes i like to use my own. set that here and then turn off draw user background to have a login background all the time. set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code> for 12-hour format.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove pidgin rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install puddletag steam xsane

steam doesn't install the whole steam because it wants to tell you it's proprietary and install it to your home directory. still works so whatever, but if you have multiple partitions for linux make sure to set storage for steam to the right one (assuming it's not /home).

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb
rm code_1.83.1-1696982868_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup

2023-10-19T04:04:06Z

Misterhaan:

User:Misterhaan

2023-10-19T03:18:19Z

Misterhaan:

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Setup

2023-10-19T03:18:11Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu cinnamon linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.10 mantic minotaur on my laptop westinghouse. = connections to other systems = most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my h..."

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup

2023-05-03T18:01:46Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.04 lunar lobster on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina isn’t installed by default as of 23.04 but there doesn’t seem to be an alternative to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %-e </code> (with two trailing spaces) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb
rm code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup

2023-04-27T04:36:05Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.04 lunar lobster on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina isn’t installed by default as of 23.04 but there doesn’t seem to be an alternative to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb
rm code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

url=https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
debdir=/usr/local/zoomdebs
aptconf=/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/100update_zoom
sourcelist=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zoomdebs.list

sudo mkdir -p $debdir
( echo 'APT::Update::Pre-Invoke {"cd '$debdir' && wget -qN '$url' && apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages && apt-ftparchive release . > Release";};' | sudo tee $aptconf
echo 'deb [trusted=yes lang=none] file:'$debdir' ./' | sudo tee $sourcelist
) >/dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install zoom

User:Misterhaan

2023-04-27T04:34:38Z

Misterhaan:

I’m misterhaan, the owner of [http://www.track7.org/ track7], which includes auWiki. I wrote everything here so far (there are no [[Special:Listusers|other users]] yet!).

My own notes which may someday appear on track7 somewhere (mostly in the [http://www.track7.org/geek/guides/ guides / tips section]):
* [[/Nuvexport Tweaks|Nuvexport Tweaks]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista|Dual Booting Ubuntu and Vista]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 10 Setup|Windows 10 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8.1 Setup|Windows 8.1 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 8 Setup|Windows 8 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Windows 7 Setup|Windows 7 Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Vista Setup|Vista Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Client Setup|Linux Client Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup|Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup]]
** [[User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup|Linux Virtual Machine Setup]]
* [[/Basic Ubuntu Setup]]
** [[/HTPC Setup]]
* [[User:Misterhaan/Dreamhost SVN Setup|Dreamhost SVN Setup]]

These reviews are for adventures made in Spore Galactic Adventures, which I am slowly posting on the Spore forums.
* [[User:Misterhaan/HUAR|HUAR]]

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster Setup

2023-04-27T04:33:49Z

Misterhaan: Created page with "i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.04 lunar lobster on my laptop westinghouse. = connections to other systems = most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file sh..."

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 23.04 lunar lobster on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to recognize the network and you'll need to issue the mount commands manually.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfacl -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/
sudo setfacl -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina isn’t installed by default as of 23.04 but there doesn’t seem to be an alternative to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). it is simple to install it though:

sudo apt install remmina

i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> {[ Insert ]};

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
by default ubuntu cinnamon uses a dark theme, but doesn’t tell all apps they should do that too. not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. select corner bar and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it. configure menu to use a custom icon and label, then set icon to <code>/usr/share/cinnamon/icons/ubuntucinnamon-symbolic.png</code> and icon size to 28 to keep the same icon and clear the text so it doesn’t take up space. also turn on menu animations.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn’t in the default apt repositories (it’s in snap but snap doesn’t update well), but downloading and installing the deb actually adds it to apt so it can keep updating. note the filename will probably change to whichever version is current, so for the last two lines press the tab key to autocomplete after you’ve typed “code”:

wget 'https://code.visualstudio.com/sha/download?build=stable&os=linux-deb-x64' --trust-server-names
sudo dpkg -i code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb
rm code_1.77.3-1681292746_amd64.deb

== zoom ==
the official way to install zoom on ubuntu is to download the deb and install that, but it won’t auto-update and i end up having to manually update before every time i use it. instead, copy this into a script file (run <code>chmod +x install-zoom</code> assuming you’ve saved it as install-zoom) and run it:

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-21T05:38:19Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn't in the default repositories, but these commands add its repository and install from it:

wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main"
sudo apt install code

it says apt-key is deprecated, which might mean this approach won't work in the next version and i'll have to figure out how to use trusted.gpg.d instead.

== zoom ==
note i'm using apt to install the deb file because my typical dpkg command just says it has unmet dependencies but doesn't install them.

wget https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./zoom_amd64.deb
rm zoom_amd64.deb

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-21T03:29:38Z

Misterhaan: /* configuration */

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== enable dark mode ==
not sure why this isn't in system settings anywhere, but this tells gtk 4 applications such as the text editor that they should show a dark mode theme:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag steam xsane

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-21T03:01:19Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

= install software =
here's some software i find useful to add:

sudo apt install gimp puddletag steam xsane

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-18T18:33:26Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= remove software =
sudo apt remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt autoremove

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-18T18:12:23Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-18T16:04:30Z

Misterhaan: /* hardware */ touchpad

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== mouse and touchpad ====
under touchpad, i turn off reverse scrolling direction so that two-finger touchpad scroll works like moving the scroll bar not moving the content.

==== power management ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-18T04:11:40Z

Misterhaan: preferences and administration settings

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup when i need one of the manufacturer's utilities.these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu cinnamon 22.10 kinetic kudu on my laptop westinghouse.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, in this format: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec,noauto 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID. the <code>noauto</code> in fstab tells the system not to attempt to mount those shares on startup, so it doesn't have to wait for that to fail when they're not available. the NetworkManager script makes sure to mount them once connected to the correct wifi, but if you're going to connect to your network with a cable it's not going to do anything.

=== change user id ===
ubuntu uses 1000 as the id for the user it creates, but i have a different id on my server and they need to match up for nfs to know who i am. you can't change your user id while you're logged in, so i'll create another admin account temporarily and use that. do that and set a password with the following:

sudo useradd -G adm,sudo -m -s /bin/bash tempadmin
sudo passwd tempadmin

now log out and you should be able to log back in as tempadmin with the password you just set. run the following command to change your user id and update automounting:

sudo usermod -u [new_ID] [username]
sudo setfact -m "u:[username]:r-x" /media/[username]
sudo setfact -x "u:1000" /media/

now we just need to get rid of tempadmin, so log out and log back in as your actual user. run <code>sudo userdel tempadmin</code> to go back to just one user.

== remote control ==
remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. setting the password means if someone else got access to my laptop they could also access my desktop, so be sure to weigh the convenience against security for your situation.

i connect to my work computer over rdp, which i also do through remmina. create a new connection leaving the protocol on the default of RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work -- it has to be added to the list using the ... button before you can choose it), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection. on the first connection (we'll need to set up and connect to vpn first), it asks to accept a certificate for the machine.

in remmina preferences i turn off the setting that prevents screenshots from entering clipboard. then under applet, check the box to start in tray upon user login. under keyboard i clear the host key since i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering 0x3a=0x52 for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done separately from mapping it locally because rdp doesn't care about local mappings).

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses, even for cinnamon):

sudo apt install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to the network icon in the panel (lower right, probably looks like wifi), click it, and choose "Network Connections." add a new connection using the plus button in the lower left of that window, and choose "Cisco AnyConnect or OpenConnect (OpenConnect)" from under the VPN heading. give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice. save the connection.

now, just under the list of available SSIDs in the network menu it will show "VPN Connections" with a toggle next to it. select this to connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but anyconnect doesn't either. disconnect by toggling VPN Connections back to off.

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply to rdp connections in remmina though, so be sure to also follow the instructions from earlier for mapping it there too.

== system settings ==
access system settings from the panel menu. they're grouped into sections so i'm using those same groupings here. if i don't list a settings option it's because i don't actually change anything in that one.

=== appearance ===
==== background ====
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add button (bottom left) to get that backgrounds directory added, then select it and a background.

==== effects ====
i have all the effects turned on, and set new windows and close windows to fly while leaving minimize traditional.

==== themes ====
it defaulted to a dark theme, so i change the icon theme to a dark yaru one with the accent color i want. under settings i turn on icons for menus and buttons.

=== preferences ===
==== account details ====
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't been able to find where those are stored. click the use picture and choose browse for more pictures to select your preferred avatar.

==== applets ====
configure calendar to set custom date format to <code>%l:%M %p %a %b %e </code> (with a trailing space) to take up less space and use 12-hour time. configure menu to not include text, which also takes up less space. select show desktop and click the minus button at the bottom to remove it.

==== date & time ====
turn off 24 hour clock and display seconds.

==== desktop ====
turn off all the desktop icons.

=== hardware ===
==== power ====
change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

==== sound ====
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. go to the settings tab and slide the maximum volume all the way up to 150%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers.

=== administration ===
==== login window ====
i like a different background for the login screen, so set that here and then turn off draw user background. then set the themes as close as i can to the themes i picked in themes. under settings, change clock format to <code>%l:%M %p</code>

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-17T22:36:21Z

Misterhaan: /* change user id */

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-17T22:26:53Z

Misterhaan:

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-17T18:36:35Z

Misterhaan:

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-17T18:10:32Z

Misterhaan: openconnect (not letting me configure yet)

User:Misterhaan

2022-12-16T04:48:35Z

Misterhaan: adding 22.10

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu Setup

2022-12-16T04:48:23Z

Misterhaan: started setting up 22.10

User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup

2022-05-07T04:23:29Z

Misterhaan: /* install stuff */

i use ubuntu as my workstation gnu/linux distribution running through virtualbox on the latest version of windows. this guide is what i did to set up an ubuntu 22.04 virtual machine.

== set up virtualbox and create virtual machine ==
first off, start downloading the latest 64-bit ubuntu desktop iso from [http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop ubuntu.com]. it’ll take a while so leave it going while setting up the virtual machine. i recommend using the bittorrent download through [http://www.qbittorrent.org/download.php qbittorrent] for faster, easily-resumable downloading.

i use virtualbox to run the virtual machine i install ubuntu on. get the latest version for windows along with the extension pack from [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads virtualbox.org] and install it. the installer has options for bridged networking and host-only networking, but bridged doesn’t work and host-only isn’t useful for me, so neither needs to be selected. after the install is completed, run the extension pack.

create a new virtual machine either from the toolbar or machine menu in virtualbox. i name mine with the ubuntu version number and name, so Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish. it should automatically switch type to linux and version to ubuntu (64 bit) when you type ubuntu in the name box, but select them if it doesn’t. i set the memory size to 4096 mb which seems to be plenty even though i have 32 gb total. create a virtual hard drive using vdi file type, dynamically allocated, sized 128 gb.

the new machine should now show in the virtualbox manager window and show a powered off status. select it and choose settings either from the toolbar, the machine menu, or the context menu. under general/advanced you can enable shared clipboard and drag'n'drop by setting both to bidirectional. for system/motherboard, uncheck floppy in boot order and check the box to enable efi. under system/processor you can enable pae/nx an nested vt-x/amd-v if it lets you. under display/screen crank up video memory to 64 mb and enable 3d acceleration. if you have a solid-state drive you can select the virtual drive under storage and check the solid-state drive box (not sure if this is useful). under network/adapter 1, expand the advanced section and change the adapter type away from the ridiculously slow intel pro/1000 mt desktop to pcnet-fast iii. everything else should be fine.

once the ubuntu desktop iso has finished downloading, start your virtual machine. since all it has is a freshly-created virtual hard drive, it will ask for a start-up disk. select the ubuntu desktop iso and it will load up ubuntu from the iso. choose the try or install ubuntu option from the text-based menu.

once ubuntu starts up, choose your language and then the install ubuntu option to install to your virtual hard drive. choose your keyboard layout (i use dvorak). choose minimal installation because most software i’ll run on windows, just using linux for things that work better there. tell it to download updates but don’t install third-party software. i let it do what it wants to with the whole virtual disk (“erase disk and install ubuntu”) — note it can’t access your physical hard drive so it won’t affect your windows install. click install now. set your time zone and user and computer name (i usually tack the ubuntu version onto the name of my windows computer for the virtual machine name, something like WinName2204). i set a username and password that matches what i use on my home server (running command-line linux), but can’t set the uid here so also don’t select log in automatically. wait for it to finish installing and restart.

== configure ubuntu and install and remove applications ==

after the system reboots it will probably have some updates it wants to install, but before that i want to create my users and group(s) to match my server. this is done largely the same way as described in the linux server setup, except admin users here should also be part of some additional groups (use with -G in either useradd or usermod). when logged in as your user, run the groups command in terminal to get the list of groups (ignore the group named the same as your user). be sure to run passwd to set passwords for the other users, then log in as one of them. use usermod to change your user’s id, move the home directory, and set the default group. now you can install all the updates, which might take a while especially if you’re installing months after that version of ubuntu was released.

== remove stuff ==
i remove some things i don’t like. the command for that looks like this:

```
sudo apt-get remove packages
```

where packages is at least one package to remove. to remove more than one package, separate their names with spaces. here are the packages i remove:

* *rhythmbox* - a music player that doesn’t do all that well with my read-only mp3 share from my file server. i’ll install audacious instead.
* *simple-scan* - an oversimplified scanner interface, missing important basic features like preview. install xsane instead if you have a scanner that works with linux
* *ubuntuone** - a moderate amount of free online storage. i have plenty of my own local storage and don’t need this. there are a number of packages so the wildcard helps find all of them.
* *unity-lens-shopping* - eff said this has to do with amazon product search results showing up in the dash, but removing it doesn’t seem to change anything.

here’s the full command to remove everything i remove:

```
sudo apt-get remove rhythmbox simple-scan ubuntuone*
```

if you choose the minimal install, these packages won’t be there anyway.

== install stuff ==
of course there are also a few things i use that aren’t in ubuntu by default. add them with a command that looks like this:

sudo apt-get install <packages>

where packages again is at least one package to install, and multiple packages can be specified separated with spaces. ubuntu can find most software i want — i’ll discuss those it can’t find or that it finds an older version of than i want later. here are the packages i install with apt-get:

* '''avidemux''' - simple video editor i have used to convert mkv to avi.
* '''compizconfig-settings-manager''' - advanced display effects settings tool, which also configures some unity settings. unity handles the menu and running programs list.
* '''gnome-tweak-tool''' - gives back some basic display options, like font sizes and themes.
* '''handbrake-gtk''' - dvd ripping program handy for getting movies from disc to an ipad, for example. it wouldn’t install for me on 12.10 though.
* '''konqueror''' - a khtml-based browser (safari and chrome use webkit, which is based on khtml). i have installed this in the past to test my web development in it, but it has so few people using it that it’s not worth the trouble. it adds a bunch of kde stuff to the menus, with konqueror in the ''internet'' section.
* '''mixxx''' - dj software i’m playing around with on my laptop.
* '''myunity''' - some customization options for the unity desktop. it’s easier to use than compizconfig-settings-manager, but also doesn’t have as many options. seems to not exist as of 12.10.
* '''nfs-common''' - support for connecting to network filesystems, which is the easiest way to share a disk from one linux machine to another.
* '''openshot''' - video editor i’ve used to fade two video clips together.
* '''puddletag''' - mp3 tag editor. no longer available through apt since the official release doesn't support python3 yet. install instructions later.
* '''python-rgain''' - loudness analyzer for mp3 files. replaygain attempts to figure out how loud an mp3 file sounds, and then adds gain information to the file so that it sounds like it has the same loudness as the other mp3s (provided you use this on all of them). it’s a command-line tool so won’t put anything in the applications menu.
* '''rpcbind' - not entirely sure what this is or if it needs to be installed explicitly, but it’s for nfs.
* '''sound-juicer''' - cd ripper. shows up as ''audio cd extractor'' in the menu.
* '''soundconverter''' - just as it sounds like, this program can load up a bunch of sound files and convert them to a different format. i don’t typically do this, so i wait to install it until i’m about to use it.
* '''sux''' - switch user and forward x context. handy when i want to run a gui application as a different user.
* '''ubuntu-restricted-extras''' - mp3, flash, java, and dvd playback. these changes affect browsers and players that are installed (or will be installed later) so nothing is added to the applications menu.
* '''virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11''' - helps ubuntu be a better guest on virtualbox. mostly for the video driver that lets resizing the virtualbox window set the screen resolution.

here’s the full command to install everything i install:

sudo apt-get install handbrake nfs-common puddletag soundconverter virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11

before i started using ubuntu through a virtual machine i would dual-boot with windows, so i wanted a few other things that make less sense now that i can run the same or similar programs non-virtualized on the windows host. in case i ever go back, or if you’re a dual-booter looking for useful stuff, here’s that list:

* '''audacious''' - sound player derived from xmms (similar to winamp).
* '''audacity''' - sound editor.
* '''eclipse''' - programming environment that i use for building websites with php, mysql, html, css, and javascript. i need to install more features from within eclipse later on, but this simplifies the core eclipse install at least.
* '''filezilla''' - ftp client. i use this for transferring files to my website that aren’t managed by subversion.
* '''gimp''' - graphics editor. this was in the default ubuntu install until 10.04 where they decided that fspot handles all the photo enhancing that most users want, but i want more than that so i install gimp.
* '''gnome-gmail''' - creates a menu entry for gmail which launches it in firefox. can also be used as a preferred application (sort of).
* '''pidgin''' - instant messaging client with more important features than the default empathy.
* '''screenlets''' - desktop widgets/gadgets/whatever you want to call them. i used this to get weather and a slideshow of my photos on the desktop.
* '''screenlets-pack-all''' - more screenlets, including the weather one i like.
* '''subversion''' - command-line subversion client. mostly i use subversion through an eclipse plugin, but sometimes it’s handy to have the svn command available at the command line. since it’s a command-line utility it doesn’t show up in the applications menu.
* '''xsane''' - scanner interface that works with gimp. as far as i know my current scanner isn’t supported but my old one is, so sometimes i’ll install it on my laptop in case i want to bring it and the scanner somewhere.

== update settings ==

click the power icon in the upper right and choose the system settings icon in the bottom left of the dropdown. under privacy, click screen lock and set automatic screen lock to off since the host handles locking. under power, set blank screen to never since the host handles the screen. under details > users, click the unlock button at the top and enter your password to unlock, then turn on automatic login for your account.

== enable nfs network shares ==
for some reason my workstations never see my server, so i have to add it to the hosts file. in linux this file is at /etc/hosts — add a line to the end that contains the server’s ip address, a tab or space, and the name of the server:

192.168.1.2 server

only root can edit this file. you can launch the text editor (gedit) with sudo:

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

ubuntu doesn’t support nfs by default, so install it (if you didn’t already — it’s in my default install command) with `sudo apt-get install rpcbind nfs-common`. edit /etc/fstab as root and add one line for each nfs share in this format:

server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0

make sure your local mount point directories exist (create them with `sudo mkdir /local/mount/point`), then reboot or manually mount everything with `sudo mount /local/mount/point`.



== install puddletag ==
i use puddletag to normalize mp3 and ogg file tags and artwork. as of ubuntu 20.04 it’s no longer available through apt (because it uses python 2.5 which is outdated) but there’s a github branch that seems to work just fine but needs to be installed manually. install prerequisites and download puddletag from github with the following commands.

```
sudo apt-get install git python3 python3-mutagen python3-configobj python3-pyparsing python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qtsvg
cd /opt/
sudo git clone https://github.com/sandrotosi/puddletag
```

you can now run it from a command line with `/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag` but that’s not convenient, so add it to the launcher by placing the following text in a new file at `/usr/share/applications/puddletag.desktop` (either create as root or create somewhere else and copy as root):

```
[Desktop Entry]
Name=puddletag
GenericName=Audio Tag Editor
Comment=Edits tags in audio files
Exec=/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag
Icon=/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Category=AudioVideo;Audio;Qt
```

as i set up new ubuntu virtual machines i want to apply my puddletag settings, which are split across two directories: `~/.config/puddletag/` and `~/.local/shared/puddletag/`. i keep tarballs of those directories on my server and extract them both after installing puddletag so i don’t have to reconfigure with each new ubuntu version.

== install makemkv ==
i’ve ran into some trouble ripping some of my dvds so i can put them on a tablet or whatever. normally i’d use handbrake but it sometimes quits almost right away, so in those cases i run it through makemkv first and then handbrake afterward. it’s not in the ubuntu repositories so i install it from a ppa:

```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:heyarje/makemkv-beta
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install makemkv-bin makemkv-oss
```

it’s not available for bionic beaver yet.

== set preferences ==
there are a couple more settings in system settings i’ll point out:

under *appearance* i set my background image. the other settings i mess with are under user accounts (under system). select a user and then you can click the placeholder picture and set a better one. also any users created with useradd probably won’t show a name unless you click next to the picture and enter one. to enable auto-login, select the user you want to log in from user accounts and change automatic login to on.



=== run puddletag as alternate user ===
puddletag is an mp3 (and other audio formats) tag editor. i use it after i rip an audio cd or after i download music to embed cover art and make sure my iphone will sort albums in the correct order. as of 12.04 it’s available in ubuntu’s standard repositories. since my music files are owned by a different user, i need to be able to run puddletag as someone else. copy the following into a file (i put it in my home directory named puddletag-somebody) and replace somebody with the other user account:

xhost +SI:localuser:somebody
gksudo -u somebody puddletag

then make it executable with chmod:

chmod 755 puddletag-somebody

then add a menu entry to run that script, or just run it from a terminal. the easiest way i’ve found to add it to the menu is get to `/usr/share/applications/` and copy the existing puddletag.desktop to puddletag-somebody.desktop, then edit the copy and update the name, tryexec, and exec values.

User:Misterhaan/Linux Virtual Machine Setup

2022-05-06T18:04:31Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu as my workstation gnu/linux distribution running through virtualbox on the latest version of windows. this guide is what i did to set up an ubuntu 22.04 virtual machine.

== set up virtualbox and create virtual machine ==
first off, start downloading the latest 64-bit ubuntu desktop iso from [http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop ubuntu.com]. it’ll take a while so leave it going while setting up the virtual machine. i recommend using the bittorrent download through [http://www.qbittorrent.org/download.php qbittorrent] for faster, easily-resumable downloading.

i use virtualbox to run the virtual machine i install ubuntu on. get the latest version for windows along with the extension pack from [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads virtualbox.org] and install it. the installer has options for bridged networking and host-only networking, but bridged doesn’t work and host-only isn’t useful for me, so neither needs to be selected. after the install is completed, run the extension pack.

create a new virtual machine either from the toolbar or machine menu in virtualbox. i name mine with the ubuntu version number and name, so Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish. it should automatically switch type to linux and version to ubuntu (64 bit) when you type ubuntu in the name box, but select them if it doesn’t. i set the memory size to 4096 mb which seems to be plenty even though i have 32 gb total. create a virtual hard drive using vdi file type, dynamically allocated, sized 128 gb.

the new machine should now show in the virtualbox manager window and show a powered off status. select it and choose settings either from the toolbar, the machine menu, or the context menu. under general/advanced you can enable shared clipboard and drag'n'drop by setting both to bidirectional. for system/motherboard, uncheck floppy in boot order and check the box to enable efi. under system/processor you can enable pae/nx an nested vt-x/amd-v if it lets you. under display/screen crank up video memory to 64 mb and enable 3d acceleration. if you have a solid-state drive you can select the virtual drive under storage and check the solid-state drive box (not sure if this is useful). under network/adapter 1, expand the advanced section and change the adapter type away from the ridiculously slow intel pro/1000 mt desktop to pcnet-fast iii. everything else should be fine.

once the ubuntu desktop iso has finished downloading, start your virtual machine. since all it has is a freshly-created virtual hard drive, it will ask for a start-up disk. select the ubuntu desktop iso and it will load up ubuntu from the iso. choose the try or install ubuntu option from the text-based menu.

once ubuntu starts up, choose your language and then the install ubuntu option to install to your virtual hard drive. choose your keyboard layout (i use dvorak). choose minimal installation because most software i’ll run on windows, just using linux for things that work better there. tell it to download updates but don’t install third-party software. i let it do what it wants to with the whole virtual disk (“erase disk and install ubuntu”) — note it can’t access your physical hard drive so it won’t affect your windows install. click install now. set your time zone and user and computer name (i usually tack the ubuntu version onto the name of my windows computer for the virtual machine name, something like WinName2204). i set a username and password that matches what i use on my home server (running command-line linux), but can’t set the uid here so also don’t select log in automatically. wait for it to finish installing and restart.

== configure ubuntu and install and remove applications ==

after the system reboots it will probably have some updates it wants to install, but before that i want to create my users and group(s) to match my server. this is done largely the same way as described in the linux server setup, except admin users here should also be part of some additional groups (use with -G in either useradd or usermod). when logged in as your user, run the groups command in terminal to get the list of groups (ignore the group named the same as your user). be sure to run passwd to set passwords for the other users, then log in as one of them. use usermod to change your user’s id, move the home directory, and set the default group. now you can install all the updates, which might take a while especially if you’re installing months after that version of ubuntu was released.

== remove stuff ==
i remove some things i don’t like. the command for that looks like this:

```
sudo apt-get remove packages
```

where packages is at least one package to remove. to remove more than one package, separate their names with spaces. here are the packages i remove:

* *rhythmbox* - a music player that doesn’t do all that well with my read-only mp3 share from my file server. i’ll install audacious instead.
* *simple-scan* - an oversimplified scanner interface, missing important basic features like preview. install xsane instead if you have a scanner that works with linux
* *ubuntuone** - a moderate amount of free online storage. i have plenty of my own local storage and don’t need this. there are a number of packages so the wildcard helps find all of them.
* *unity-lens-shopping* - eff said this has to do with amazon product search results showing up in the dash, but removing it doesn’t seem to change anything.

here’s the full command to remove everything i remove:

```
sudo apt-get remove rhythmbox simple-scan ubuntuone*
```

if you choose the minimal install, these packages won’t be there anyway.

== install stuff ==
of course there are also a few things i use that aren’t in ubuntu by default. add them with a command that looks like this:

sudo apt-get install <packages>

where packages again is at least one package to install, and multiple packages can be specified separated with spaces. ubuntu can find most software i want — i’ll discuss those it can’t find or that it finds an older version of than i want later. here are the packages i install with apt-get:

* '''avidemux''' - simple video editor i have used to convert mkv to avi.
* '''compizconfig-settings-manager''' - advanced display effects settings tool, which also configures some unity settings. unity handles the menu and running programs list.
* '''gnome-tweak-tool''' - gives back some basic display options, like font sizes and themes.
* '''handbrake-gtk''' - dvd ripping program handy for getting movies from disc to an ipad, for example. it wouldn’t install for me on 12.10 though.
* '''konqueror''' - a khtml-based browser (safari and chrome use webkit, which is based on khtml). i have installed this in the past to test my web development in it, but it has so few people using it that it’s not worth the trouble. it adds a bunch of kde stuff to the menus, with konqueror in the ''internet'' section.
* '''mixxx''' - dj software i’m playing around with on my laptop.
* '''myunity''' - some customization options for the unity desktop. it’s easier to use than compizconfig-settings-manager, but also doesn’t have as many options. seems to not exist as of 12.10.
* '''nfs-common''' - support for connecting to network filesystems, which is the easiest way to share a disk from one linux machine to another.
* '''openshot''' - video editor i’ve used to fade two video clips together.
* '''puddletag''' - mp3 tag editor. no longer available through apt since the official release doesn't support python3 yet. install instructions later.
* '''python-rgain''' - loudness analyzer for mp3 files. replaygain attempts to figure out how loud an mp3 file sounds, and then adds gain information to the file so that it sounds like it has the same loudness as the other mp3s (provided you use this on all of them). it’s a command-line tool so won’t put anything in the applications menu.
* '''rpcbind' - not entirely sure what this is or if it needs to be installed explicitly, but it’s for nfs.
* '''sound-juicer''' - cd ripper. shows up as ''audio cd extractor'' in the menu.
* '''soundconverter''' - just as it sounds like, this program can load up a bunch of sound files and convert them to a different format. i don’t typically do this, so i wait to install it until i’m about to use it.
* '''sux''' - switch user and forward x context. handy when i want to run a gui application as a different user.
* '''ubuntu-restricted-extras''' - mp3, flash, java, and dvd playback. these changes affect browsers and players that are installed (or will be installed later) so nothing is added to the applications menu.
* '''virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11''' - helps ubuntu be a better guest on virtualbox. mostly for the video driver that lets resizing the virtualbox window set the screen resolution.

here’s the full command to install everything i install:

sudo apt-get install handbrake nfs-common openshot python-rgain rpcbind soundconverter ubuntu-restricted-extras virtualbox-guest-dkms virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11

before i started using ubuntu through a virtual machine i would dual-boot with windows, so i wanted a few other things that make less sense now that i can run the same or similar programs non-virtualized on the windows host. in case i ever go back, or if you’re a dual-booter looking for useful stuff, here’s that list:

* '''audacious''' - sound player derived from xmms (similar to winamp).
* '''audacity''' - sound editor.
* '''eclipse''' - programming environment that i use for building websites with php, mysql, html, css, and javascript. i need to install more features from within eclipse later on, but this simplifies the core eclipse install at least.
* '''filezilla''' - ftp client. i use this for transferring files to my website that aren’t managed by subversion.
* '''gimp''' - graphics editor. this was in the default ubuntu install until 10.04 where they decided that fspot handles all the photo enhancing that most users want, but i want more than that so i install gimp.
* '''gnome-gmail''' - creates a menu entry for gmail which launches it in firefox. can also be used as a preferred application (sort of).
* '''pidgin''' - instant messaging client with more important features than the default empathy.
* '''screenlets''' - desktop widgets/gadgets/whatever you want to call them. i used this to get weather and a slideshow of my photos on the desktop.
* '''screenlets-pack-all''' - more screenlets, including the weather one i like.
* '''subversion''' - command-line subversion client. mostly i use subversion through an eclipse plugin, but sometimes it’s handy to have the svn command available at the command line. since it’s a command-line utility it doesn’t show up in the applications menu.
* '''xsane''' - scanner interface that works with gimp. as far as i know my current scanner isn’t supported but my old one is, so sometimes i’ll install it on my laptop in case i want to bring it and the scanner somewhere.

== update settings ==

click the power icon in the upper right and choose the system settings icon in the bottom left of the dropdown. under privacy, click screen lock and set automatic screen lock to off since the host handles locking. under power, set blank screen to never since the host handles the screen. under details > users, click the unlock button at the top and enter your password to unlock, then turn on automatic login for your account.

== enable nfs network shares ==
for some reason my workstations never see my server, so i have to add it to the hosts file. in linux this file is at /etc/hosts — add a line to the end that contains the server’s ip address, a tab or space, and the name of the server:

192.168.1.2 server

only root can edit this file. you can launch the text editor (gedit) with sudo:

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

ubuntu doesn’t support nfs by default, so install it (if you didn’t already — it’s in my default install command) with `sudo apt-get install rpcbind nfs-common`. edit /etc/fstab as root and add one line for each nfs share in this format:

server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0

make sure your local mount point directories exist (create them with `sudo mkdir /local/mount/point`), then reboot or manually mount everything with `sudo mount /local/mount/point`.



== install puddletag ==
i use puddletag to normalize mp3 and ogg file tags and artwork. as of ubuntu 20.04 it’s no longer available through apt (because it uses python 2.5 which is outdated) but there’s a github branch that seems to work just fine but needs to be installed manually. install prerequisites and download puddletag from github with the following commands.

```
sudo apt-get install git python3 python3-mutagen python3-configobj python3-pyparsing python3-pyqt5 python3-pyqt5.qtsvg
cd /opt/
sudo git clone https://github.com/sandrotosi/puddletag
```

you can now run it from a command line with `/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag` but that’s not convenient, so add it to the launcher by placing the following text in a new file at `/usr/share/applications/puddletag.desktop` (either create as root or create somewhere else and copy as root):

```
[Desktop Entry]
Name=puddletag
GenericName=Audio Tag Editor
Comment=Edits tags in audio files
Exec=/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag
Icon=/opt/puddletag/source/puddletag.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Category=AudioVideo;Audio;Qt
```

as i set up new ubuntu virtual machines i want to apply my puddletag settings, which are split across two directories: `~/.config/puddletag/` and `~/.local/shared/puddletag/`. i keep tarballs of those directories on my server and extract them both after installing puddletag so i don’t have to reconfigure with each new ubuntu version.

== install makemkv ==
i’ve ran into some trouble ripping some of my dvds so i can put them on a tablet or whatever. normally i’d use handbrake but it sometimes quits almost right away, so in those cases i run it through makemkv first and then handbrake afterward. it’s not in the ubuntu repositories so i install it from a ppa:

```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:heyarje/makemkv-beta
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install makemkv-bin makemkv-oss
```

it’s not available for bionic beaver yet.

== set preferences ==
there are a couple more settings in system settings i’ll point out:

under *appearance* i set my background image. the other settings i mess with are under user accounts (under system). select a user and then you can click the placeholder picture and set a better one. also any users created with useradd probably won’t show a name unless you click next to the picture and enter one. to enable auto-login, select the user you want to log in from user accounts and change automatic login to on.



=== run puddletag as alternate user ===
puddletag is an mp3 (and other audio formats) tag editor. i use it after i rip an audio cd or after i download music to embed cover art and make sure my iphone will sort albums in the correct order. as of 12.04 it’s available in ubuntu’s standard repositories. since my music files are owned by a different user, i need to be able to run puddletag as someone else. copy the following into a file (i put it in my home directory named puddletag-somebody) and replace somebody with the other user account:

xhost +SI:localuser:somebody
gksudo -u somebody puddletag

then make it executable with chmod:

chmod 755 puddletag-somebody

then add a menu entry to run that script, or just run it from a terminal. the easiest way i’ve found to add it to the menu is get to `/usr/share/applications/` and copy the existing puddletag.desktop to puddletag-somebody.desktop, then edit the copy and update the name, tryexec, and exec values.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-05-05T22:01:09Z

Misterhaan: /* configuration */

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

== start remmina in tray at login ==
even though remmina preferences includes a checkbox for start in tray upon user login, it won't actually start itself just from having that box checked. run startup applications by searching for it or using the command <code>gnome-session-properties</code>. click the add button, give it a name such as remmina tray, and enter <code>remmina -i</code> as the command.

= install software =
here's a bunch of software i find useful to add:

sudo apt-get install gimp puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn't in the default repositories, but these commands add its repository and install from it:

wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main"
sudo apt-get install code

== zoom ==
wget https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./zoom_amd64.deb
rm zoom_amd64.deb

== apply puddletag settings ==
i keep a couple tarballs of most of my puddletag settings, since they are stored in two different locations. extract them with these commands:

cd ~/.config
tar xvf /path/to/puddleconfig.tar
cd ~/.local/share
tar xvf /path/to/puddlelocal.tar

launch puddletag to set up the window, which is not in any of those settings. move the tag panel to the right side, close the filter panel from the bottom, turn on artwork and actions from the windows menu, and then move the actions panel up to just left of the tag panel.

= remove software =
sudo apt-get remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt-get autoremove

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-04-30T22:33:38Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

= install software =
here's a bunch of software i find useful to add:

sudo apt-get install gimp puddletag steam xsane

== visual studio code ==
visual studio code isn't in the default repositories, but these commands add its repository and install from it:

wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main"
sudo apt-get install code

== zoom ==
wget https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./zoom_amd64.deb
rm zoom_amd64.deb

== apply puddletag settings ==
i keep a couple tarballs of most of my puddletag settings, since they are stored in two different locations. extract them with these commands:

cd ~/.config
tar xvf /path/to/puddleconfig.tar
cd ~/.local/share
tar xvf /path/to/puddlelocal.tar

launch puddletag to set up the window, which is not in any of those settings. move the tag panel to the right side, close the filter panel from the bottom, turn on artwork and actions from the windows menu, and then move the actions panel up to just left of the tag panel.

= remove software =
sudo apt-get remove rhythmbox simple-scan
sudo apt-get autoremove

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-04-30T01:22:23Z

Misterhaan: /* firefox touch scroll zoom */

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=0 OVERRIDE=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-04-29T22:38:11Z

Misterhaan: /* firefox touch scroll zoom */

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=1</code>. this should take effect on next login. TODO: this didn't work, but setting that value in terminal and then launching firefox did.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-04-29T22:14:15Z

Misterhaan:

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.

== firefox touch scroll zoom ==
while the touch screen makes most windows scroll, firefox selects text by default. to make a lasting change edit <code>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</code> and add a line (i add it to the end) with <code>MOZ_USE_XINPUT2 DEFAULT=1</code>. this should take effect on next login.

User:Misterhaan/Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish Setup

2022-04-29T21:20:41Z

Misterhaan: /* configuration */

i use ubuntu linux as my main operating system on my laptop. since the laptop came with windows 10 (which i upgraded to windows 11), i keep that around so i can choose windows on startup if i really want to. mostly i used that to let my son play minecraft bedrock edition before he got his own laptop. these instructions are what i did when i installed ubuntu 22.04 jammy jellyfish on my laptop galileo.

= connections to other systems =
most of what i use my laptop for is connecting to other systems, including my home file shares. i set those up first so i have access to my files and the ability to connect to my home desktop and work computer right away.
== home server nfs shares ==
i have command-line ubuntu installed on a different computer at home that stores my files, so my laptop should mount its shares when i'm on my home network. i can't just do a normal mount because if i travel with my laptop, my home server isn't available and i have to wait for those connections to time out before it will finish booting. still, the first couple steps are the same as mounting the shares from a virtutal machine on my desktop:

# edit <code>/etc/hosts</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/hosts</code> and add a line mapping the lan ip of the server to its name. follow the format of the line that has 127.0.0.1 localhost. saving this change makes sure the laptop can resolve the name of the server, which sometimes doesn't work without this setting.
# install nfs support with <code>sudo apt-get install nfs-common</code>
# edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> as root with <code>sudo gedit /etc/fstab</code> and add a line for each nfs share to mount, similar to this: <code>server:/nfs_share /local/mount/point nfs noexec 0 0</code>
# create the local mount points for each share (the second column in fstab) with a command like <code>sudo mkdir /local/mount/point</code>
# create a new file as root in <code>/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/</code> and enter the following code (make sure to put in your uuid and your actual mount points), then set its permissions to rwxr-xr-x with <code>chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/nfs-mount</code>:

#!/bin/bash
SSID="your-wifi-ssid"
INTERFACE=$1
ACTION=$2
ESSID=`iwconfig $INTERFACE | grep ESSID | cut -d":" -f2 | sed 's/^[^"]*"\|"[^"]*$//g'`

if [ "$SSID" == "$ESSID" ] && [ "$ACTION" == "up" ]; then
mount /local/mount/point/one
mount /local/mount/point/two
fi

the network shares should be mounted whenever connecting to the wifi SSID.

remmina is in the default ubuntu install and works well to connect to my home desktop using vnc (i use tightvnc server on windows 11 there). i create two connections for that -- one that uses my lan ip and another that uses the subdomain i keep mapped to my internet ip. both use remmina vnc plugin for the protocol and specify [ip]:[port] or [subdomain]:[port] since i use a custom vnc port. username can be left blank, and user password can save my connection password. i'm sure setting that is a security risk if someone else got access to my laptop, but as usual convenience and security are opposed and i connect to my desktop enough that i prefer the convenience here.

== work vpn ==
my job provides cisco anyconnect vpn for me to connect remotely, but thankfully it's compatible with openconnect which is *much* easier to use and integrates with the network manager built into ubuntu. install openconnect, its network manager integration, and its editor (gnome is the name of the desktop environment ubuntu uses):

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect network-manager-openconnect-gnome

now go to settings > network and add a vpn connection using "Multi-protocol VPN client (openconnect)." give it a name (i use the company name) and enter the vpn server as the gateway (something like vpn.example.com). the vpn protocol should already be set to "cisco anyconnect or openconnect" from the earlier choice.

now, just under your wifi line in the system menu it should say "vpn off," which you can expand and choose connect. the first time you do this it will prompt for username and password, which you can tell it to remember so it's even easier next time. the window stays open for me until i confirm that it's me connecting through the authenticator app on my phone -- my only real problem with this system is that it doesn't tell me i need to do that if i'm only looking at my laptop . . . but i don't think anyconnect did either.

while connected, there's a vpn icon next to the wifi icon. disconnect by expanding the name you gave to the vpn connection in the system menu and choosing "turn off."

for connecting to my work computer, i use remmina remote desktop client, which comes installed in ubuntu. create a new connection using the rdp protocol and set the server, username, password, and domain for the connection. choose a custom resolution (i use 2560x1440 since that's the resolution of the monitor i have at work), then switch to the advanced tab and change audio output mode to local to get both the speakers and microphone to work. save the connection.

in remmina preferences under keyboard i clear the host key i commonly use the right control key for normal keyboard shortcuts, and i don't really need to give up another key for remmina shortcuts i don't remember anyway. under rdp, map the caps lock key to insert by entering <code>0x3a=0x52</code> for keyboard scancode remapping (needs to be done even when it's already been done for the base machine).

= configuration =
== map caps lock key as insert ==
to remap capslock to insert for the entire machine, edit <code>/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc</code> as root, and set the <code>key <CAPS></code> line to:

key <CAPS> { [ Insert ] };

this takes effect on your next login. it doesn’t apply when using remmina to rdp though.

== system settings ==
=== background ===
default background files are <code>/usr/share/backgrounds/</code>, so that's where i put my own backgrounds. this isn't enough to make them automatically show in settings > background though, so use the add picture button to get backgrounds added to settings, then select.

=== appearance ===
i set my system appearance to dark style and choose my favorite accent color. i also turn off show personal folder from desktop icons and turn down the icon size in the dock to 40.

=== sound ===
one of the reasons i prefer linux on my laptop is the over-amplification setting. turn this on and the volume can go up above 100%, which is often handy running off built-in speakers. you can also choose your favorite alert sound at the bottom.

=== power ===
upgrading to 22.04 seems to have solved the problem i was having with the screen not coming back on waking from sleep, so the only thing i do in power settings is to change power button behavior to nothing. my laptop's power button is placed where i can very easily hit it by accident when picking it up so i prefer that it ignores when that happens.

=== mouse & touchpad ===
"natural scrolling" has always felt backward to me, so i turn that off under touchpad. this doesn't affect mouse wheels or the touch screen, just two-finger touchpad scrolling.

=== printers ===
my canon mg 3520 all in one printer is detected and easy to add with just a click or two if it doesn't automatically connect.

=== users ===
similar to background files, i create <code>/usr/share/avatars/</code> to hold user avatars. there are some default avatar choices but i haven't even found where those come from. the users section of settings will show the user you're logged in as by default. click the circle next to use username and then choose select a file and select your avatar. you can also enroll fingerprints here if you have a fingerprint reader. my laptop does but it's not really functional at matching my fingerprints, so may not be worth it.

== set login screen background ==
system settings doesn't give you an option to set the background for the login screen, but if you set a setting for the gdm user it can look to a file. it seems you need to install <code>machinectl</code> from the <code>systemd-container</code> package so you can switch to gdm. these three commands will set the login screen background (skip the first one if it's not your first time) -- use the correct path to your background file:

sudo apt-get install systemd-container
sudo machinectl shell gdm@ /bin/bash
gsettings set com.ubuntu.login-screen background-picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/login.jpg'

machinectl says you can quit with ^[ 3 times, and that means hold the ctrl key and press the [ key 3 times.